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TAXONOMY is the branch of biology dealing with classification of living organisms. Identification of living organisms like plants and animals requires extensive field studies and laboratory work. Collection of actual specimens of plants and animal species is required. Biologist have established certain procedures to store the information and preservation of specimens for further studies and as aid for classification.
These are Taxonomical Aids. Let us discuss some of the taxonomical aids and their usage.
1. HERBARIUM: These are collection of dried, pressed and preserved plant specimens on sheets. These sheets carry information in the form of label. This label has information like date and place of collection of specimens, English, local and botanical names, name of family, collectors name etc
Herbaria are quick referral systems for taxonomic studies. Sheets of herbaria are arranged according to universally accepted system of classification.
2. BOTANICAL GARDENS: These are specialized gardens which have collections of living plants for reference. Plants of different varieties are collected from different parts of the world and grown in scientific and systematic manner. Each plant is labeled with its scientific and common name along with its family.
The famous botanical gardens are at KEW, ENGLAND, INDIAN BOTANICAL GARDEN, HOWRAH, KOLKATA and NATIONAL BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, LUCKNOW, U.P. INDIA.
3. MUSEUM: These have collections of preserved plant and animal specimens for study and reference.
Specimens can be preserved in,
i. Jars and containers containing preservative solutions like formalin.
ii. Larger animals like birds and mammals are usually stuffed and preserved.
iii. Insects are preserved in insect boxes after collecting, killing and pinning.
iv. Plants and animals can also be preserved as dry specimens.
v. Museums can also have collections of skeleton of animal specimens.
4. ZOOLOGICAL PARKS:
These are the places where wild animals are kept in captivity in conditions similar to natural habitats.
Study of animal behavior and food habits can be done. It is a place of interest to common man and children.
5. TAXONOMIC KEY: Key is the taxonomic aid used for identification of plants and animals based on similarity and differences. These consider contrasting characters present in pair called couplet. This results in acceptance of one character and rejection of another. Lead is the statement of the key. Separate taxonomic keys are required for identification of family, genus and species. Taxonomic keys are analytical and performs comparative analysis for different characteristics, which is helpful in classification.
6. FLORA: Contains actual account of plants found in the given area eg. flora of Mahabaleshwar.
These provide index of plant species found in the given area.
7. MONOGRAPHS: Contain information on any one Taxon like genus or family.
8. MANUALS: Useful for identification of names of plant and animal species found in given area. These contain basic information for categorizing plant and animals.
9. CATALOGUES: This is the book or register containing data of plants and animals like list of plant and animal species. This is arranged in particular order with extra details.
These are the different Taxonomical Aids used for classification purpose.
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